：：：oracle常用命令：：：

[size=4][font=宋体]第一章:日志管理[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.forcing log switches[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter system switch logfile;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　2.forcing checkpoints[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter system checkpoint;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3.adding online redo log groups[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database add logfile [group 4][/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> ('/disk3/log4a.rdo','/disk4/log4b.rdo') size 1m;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　4.adding online redo log members[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database add logfile member[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> '/disk3/log1b.rdo' to group 1,[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> '/disk4/log2b.rdo' to group 2;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　5.changes the name of the online redo logfile[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database rename file 'c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log'[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> to 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';[/font]

[font=宋体]　　6.drop online redo log groups[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database drop logfile group 3;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　7.drop online redo log members[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database drop logfile member 'c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log';[/font]

[font=宋体]　　8.clearing online redo log files[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database clear [unarchived] logfile 'c:/oracle/log2a.rdo';[/font]

[font=宋体]　　9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles[/font]

[font=宋体]　　a. in the init.ora specify utl_file_dir = ' '[/font]

[font=宋体]　　b. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('oradb.ora','c:\oracle\oradb\log');[/font]

[font=宋体]　　c. sql> execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo01.log',[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> dbms_logmnr.new);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　d. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('c:\oracle\oradata\oradb\redo02.log',[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> dbms_logmnr.addfile);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　e. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'c:\oracle\oradb\log\oradb.ora');[/font]

[font=宋体]　　f. sql> select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> v$logmnr_logs);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　g. sql> execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr;[/font][/size]

[size=4][font=宋体]第二章:表空间管理[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.create tablespaces[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create tablespace tablespace_name datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\file1.dbf' size 100m,[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> 'c:\oracle\oradata\file2.dbf' size 100m minimum extent 550k [logging/nologging][/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0)[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> [online/offline] [permanent/temporary] [extent_management_clause][/font]

[font=宋体]　　2.locally managed tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create tablespace user_data datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\user_data01.dbf'[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3.temporary tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create temporary tablespace temp tempfile 'c:\oracle\oradata\temp01.dbf'[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　4.change the storage setting[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　5.taking tablespace offline or online[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data offline;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data online;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　6.read_only tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data read only|write;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　7.droping tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> drop tablespace app_data including contents;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　8.enableing automatic extension of data files[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data add datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data01.dbf' size 200m[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　9.change the size fo data files manually[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf' resize 200m;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　10.Moving data files: alter tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace app_data rename datafile 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';[/font]

[font=宋体]　　11.moving data files:alter database[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\oradata\app_data.dbf'[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> to 'c:\oracle\app_data.dbf';[/font]

[/size]

[size=4][font=宋体]第三章:表[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.create a table[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype]....)[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> tablespace tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [pctused integer][/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer][/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50)[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> [logging|nologging] [cache|nocache][/font]

[font=宋体]　　2.copy an existing table[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create table table_name [logging|nologging] as 文明人query[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3.create temporary table[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows[/font]

[font=宋体]　　4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size[/font]

[font=宋体]　　pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100/available data space)[/font]

[font=宋体]　　5.change storage and block utilization parameter[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> minextents 2 maxextents 100);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　6.manually allocating extents[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile 'c:/oracle/data.dbf');[/font]

[font=宋体]　　7.move tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table employee move tablespace users;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　8.deallocate of unused space[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table table_name deallocate unused [keep integer][/font]

[font=宋体]　　9.truncate a table[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> truncate table table_name;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　10.drop a table[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> drop table table_name [cascade constraints];[/font]

[font=宋体]　　11.drop a column[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table table_name drop column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　alter table table_name drop columns continue;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　12.mark a column as unused[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　alter table orders drop columns continue checkpoint 1000[/font]

[font=宋体]　　data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs[/font][/size]

[size=4][font=宋体]第四章:索引[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.creating function-based indexes[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　2.create a B-tree index[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create [unique] index index_name on table_name(column,.. asc/desc) tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> tablespace_name [pctfree integer] [initrans integer] [maxtrans integer][/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> [logging | nologging] [nosort] storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> maxextents 50);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows[/font]

[font=宋体]　　4.creating reverse key indexes[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create unique index xay_id on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　5.create bitmap index[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　6.change storage parameter of index[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　7.allocating index space[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile 'c:/oracle/index.dbf');[/font]

[font=宋体]　　8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused;[/font]
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[size=4][font=宋体]第五章:约束[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.define constraints as immediate or deferred[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3. define constraints while create a table[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　primary key/unique/references table(column)/check[/font]

[font=宋体]　　4.enable constraints[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　5.enable constraints[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;[/font][/size]

[size=4][font=宋体]第六章:LOAD数据[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.loading data using direct_load insert[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> select * from emp_old;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　2.parallel direct-load insert[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter session enable parallel dml;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> select * from emp_old;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3.using sql*loader[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true[/font][/size]

[size=4][font=宋体]第七章:数据整理[/font]

[font=宋体]　　1.using expoty[/font]

[font=宋体]　　$exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y[/font]

[font=宋体]　　2.using import[/font]

[font=宋体]　　$imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y[/font]

[font=宋体]　　3.transporting a tablespace[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　$exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts[/font]

[font=宋体]　　triggers=n constraints=n[/font]

[font=宋体]　　$copy datafile[/font]

[font=宋体]　　$imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2[/font]

[font=宋体]　　/sles02.dbf)[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write;[/font]

[font=宋体]　　4.checking transport set[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>'sales_ts' ..,incl_constraints=>true);[/font]

[font=宋体]　　在表transport_set_violations 中查看[/font]

[font=宋体]　　sql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含[/font][/size]

努力学习中，虽然自己数据库水平有限，还是感谢楼主